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Touring bicycle |
A touring bicycle is a bicycle either specially designed for, or modified to handle bicycle touring. A touring bike differs from other bicycles in its superior ability to carry luggage on racks mounted to the front and rear of the bicycle frame. Other typical features include a long wheelbase with sturdy wheels for carrying a heavy load, mudguard/fender mounting points and triple water bottle mounts.
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Touring bicycles are available in many different types, such as road, sport/touring, trail, recumbent, and tandem.
The classic touring bicycle is the road tourer. Road touring bicycles are designed with frame geometry designed to provide a more comfortable ride and stable, predictable handling even when heavily laden with baggage. They have provisions for the attachment of fenders and mounting points for carrier racks and panniers.1
Modern road tourers are usually built around 700C (622mm) wheels which have rims the same diameter as a road (racing) bicycle. However, the typical road touring bike will have wider rims and more clearance in the frame for wider tires. Prior to the 1980s, many touring bikes were built with 27-inch wheels which had rims with a slightly larger diameter (630mm).
Some companies, especially Thorn Cycles of England, popularize the 26" mountain bike wheel size for touring bikes, whether for off-road or on-road use. Others such as Roberts and Hewitt have followed, and offer 26"-wheeled touring bikes alongside conventional 700C machines. Advantages of the slightly smaller wheel include additional strength, worldwide tire availability, and lighter weight. Some touring bicycles, such as the Surly Long Haul Trucker, are built around 26 inch (or 650C) wheels in smaller sizes and 700C wheels in larger sizes. Specially made touring tires for 26 inch wheels are now widely available, an advantage in remote areas where other sizes may be difficult to obtain. The Fédération Française de Cyclotourisme's mass ride from Paris to the Beijing Olympics in 2008 insisted all riders use 26-inch wheels for this reason.
The difference in rolling resistance between larger and smaller sizes and widths is frequently debated. What is clear is that factors other than wheel size (namely: air pressure, tread, tire width) play a more important role than than the wheel size2
The sport/touring bicycle is a very lightweight touring bike fitted with lighter wheels and narrower 1 - 1.125-inch (25-28 mm) tires. It may also be described as a racing or training bike fitted with heavier tires and slightly more relaxed frame geometry (though still quicker than the average road touring bike). It is designed as a fast-handling, responsive and quick day touring machine. As such, it is intended to carry only the rider and very light loads, such as encountered in credit card touring, where riders typically carry little more than a pocketbook and credit cards to book overnight lodging at any handy motel, pension, or bed-and-breakfast while on a journey. Gearing is often a mix of closely-spaced ratios for speed, combined with a few low gears for long climbs. Sport/touring bikes may sometimes have provisions for mounting slim fenders and a rear carrier or pannier rack, though in the interests of weight savings and quicker handling, most do not.1
There are numerous variants on the traditional road tourer depending on the weight carried and the type of terrain expected. Expedition tourers are strongly built bicycles designed for carrying heavy loads over the roughest roads in remote and far-flung places. These range from simply stronger built mountain bikes, equipped with racks, panniers, mudguards and heavy-duty tires, to purpose-built bicycles built to cope with long-haul touring on tracks and unsealed roads in developing countries throughout Asia, Africa, and the other continents. Their frames are often made of steel as any breakages can be more easily repaired in towns all around the world.
Most riders who show accounts of their tours at the Cyclo-Camping International meeting in Paris each winter use mountain bikes.
Recumbents are different in that the rider sits with his legs in front. Recumbents have their handlebars not in front, as with conventional bicycles, but above or below the seat. Depending on design, the ability to carry gear on the front wheel may be limited or absent.
Tandems are bikes built for two riders and many couples tour on them. They can make it easier for two riders of different abilities to ride together, but the tandem frame does not allow for any more luggage than a single bike does. This limitation can be overcome by pulling a trailer.
Touring bicycles are usually equipped with luggage racks front and rear, designed to hold panniers or other forms of luggage. Because of the increased weight requirements and reliability demands, touring bicycles typically consist of steel (CroMo) frames and forks, comfortable handlebars and saddles for long-distance riding, combined with durable hubs, double-wall rims and 36-spoke wheels to provide the durability and reliability essential for loaded touring. Sometimes instead of panniers bicycle trailers are towed. Some riders prefer them because of their ease of use and possibility of touring with bikes on which it's simply impossible to attach the racks. However, the trailers decrease maneuverability and are not particularly suited for touring in mountainous regions.
Touring bicycle frames typically have a long wheelbase and stable steering geometry, with numerous attachments for luggage racks, fenders (mudguards), lights, high capacity water bottles, tools and spare parts. Chainstays must be long enough to accommodate panniers without them brushing the rider's heels, and the entire structure must be stiff enough to safely handle long, fast descents with the machine fully loaded.
Touring bicycles traditionally employ wide-ratio derailleur gears, often with a very low gear, referred to in some countries as a "granny gear", for steep hills under load. Internal-geared hubs have become popular in recent years because of their robustness and low maintenance.
Touring bicycles are mostly equipped with linear-pull brakes or cantilever brakes, instead of the caliper brakes used on racing bicycles. The need for mudguard (fender) and wide tire clearance preclude the use of caliper road brakes, which may be excessively large and flexible if made to fit a touring bike. Some newer touring bicycles use disc brakes, because of their superior stopping power and also to avoid carrying and changing spare brake pads.
Thus, touring bikes trade speed for utility and ruggedness. This combination is popular with commuters and couriers as well.
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