Topography may refer to:

• Cartography, geology and oceanography
  • Topography, the study of the current terrain features of a region and the graphic representation of the landform on a map. This is distinct from geomorphology, the study of the processes involved in creation of terrain landforms.
  • Topography as the study of place, distinguished from the above by focusing not on the physical shape of the surface, but on all details that distinguish a place. Includes both textual and graphic descriptions.
  • Dynamic sea surface topography, the average difference between the actual surface of the Earth and a geoid.
  • Inverted topography, landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features.
  • Karst topography, a three-dimensional landscape shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite.
  • Topographic prominence, a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks.
  • Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, a research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56 °S to 60 °N, to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth to date.
  • Topographic maps

• Medicine
  • Corneal topography, a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye.
  • EEG topography, a neuroimaging technique in which a large number of EEG electrodes are placed onto the head, following a geometrical array of even-spaced points.
  • Topographical codes, codes that indicate a specific location in the body.

• Society and beliefs
  • Christian Topography, a 6th century book written by Cosmas Indicopleustes which advances the idea that the world is flat.

• Art
  • Topography of Terror, an outdoor museum in Berlin.
  • New Topography, a movement in photographic art in which the landscape is depicted complete with the alterations of humans.

• Physics
  • Diffraction topography, an X-ray imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction, in which diffraction from a crystal is recorded on film or by detector, resulting in topographic images (topographs).

• Technology
  • The detailed design of a semiconductor integrated circuit, as mentioned under mask work, intellectual property and the Integrated Circuit Topography Act.

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