Syncoilin is a muscle-specific intermediate filament, first isolated as a binding partner to α-dystrobrevin, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid assay.1
Later, a yeast two-hybrid method was used to demonstrate that syncoilin is a binding partner of desmin.2 These binding partners suggest that syncoilin acts as a mechanical "linker" between the sarcomere Z-disk (where desmin is localized) and the dystrophin-associated protein complex (where α-dystrobrevin is localized). However, the specific in vivo functions of syncoilin have not yet been determined.
Abnormally high levels of syncoilin have been shown to be a characteristic of neuromuscular wasting diseases, such as desminopathy3 and muscular dystrophy.4 Therefore, syncoilin is being explored as a promising marker of neuromuscular disease.
References
- ^ Newey SE, Howman EV, Ponting CP, Benson MA, Nawrotzki R, Loh NY, Davies KE, Blake DJ (March 2001). "Syncoilin, a novel member of the intermediate filament superfamily that interacts with alpha-dystrobrevin in skeletal muscle". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (9): 6645–55. doi:10.1074/jbc.M008305200. PMID 11053421.
- ^ Poon E, Howman EV, Newey SE, Davies KE (February 2002). "Association of syncoilin and desmin: linking intermediate filament proteins to the dystrophin-associated protein complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3433–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105273200. PMID 11694502.
- ^ Howman EV, Sullivan N, Poon EP, Britton JE, Hilton-Jones D, Davies KE (January 2003). "Syncoilin accumulation in two patients with desmin-related myopathy". Neuromuscul. Disord. 13 (1): 42–8. doi:10.1016/S0960-8966(02)00181-5. PMID 12467731, http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960896602001815.
- ^ Brown SC, Torelli S, Ugo I, De Biasia F, Howman EV, Poon E, Britton J, Davies KE, Muntoni F (December 2005). "Syncoilin upregulation in muscle of patients with neuromuscular disease". Muscle Nerve 32 (6): 715–25. doi:10.1002/mus.20431. PMID 16124004.
External links
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Proteins of the cytoskeleton |
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| Microfilaments |
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| Intermediate filaments |
type 1 and 2 ( Cytokeratin, type I, type II) - type 3 ( Desmin, GFAP, Peripherin, Vimentin) - type 4 ( Internexin, Nestin, Neurofilament, Synemin, Syncoilin) - type 5 ( Lamin A, B)
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| Microtubules |
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| Catenins |
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| Nonhuman |
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| Other |
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Histology: muscle tissue |
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| skeletal muscle/general |
epimysium, fascicle, perimysium, endomysium, muscle fiber ( intrafusal, extrafusal), myofibril
sarcomere (a, i, and h bands; z and m lines), myofilaments (thin filament/actin, thick filament/myosin, elastic filament/titin, nebulin), tropomyosin, troponin (T, C, I)
costamere (dystrophin, α,β-dystrobrevin, syncoilin, synemin/desmuslin, dysbindin, sarcoglycan, dystroglycan, sarcospan), desmin
neuromuscular junction, motor unit, muscle spindle, excitation-contraction coupling, sliding filament mechanism
myoblast, satellite cell, sarcoplasm, sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, T-tubule
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| cardiac muscle |
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| smooth muscle |
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