Exophoria

Exophoria

Exophoria
Classification and external resources

ICD-10 H 50.5

ICD-9 378.42

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Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward.

Prevalence

Exophoria is particularly common in infancy and childhood, and increases with age.

Cause

Exophoria can be caused by several factors, which include:

Refractive errors - distance and near deviation approximately equal.
Divergence excess - exodeviation is more than 15 dioptres greater for distance than near deviation.
Convergence insufficiency - near exodeviation greater than distance deviation.

These can be due to nerve, muscle, or congenital problems, or due to mechanical anomalies. Unlike exotropia, fusion is possible in this condition, causing diplopia to be uncommon.

v • d • e Pathology of the eye (primarily H00-H59, 360-379)

Eyelid, lacrimal system and orbit	eyelid: inflammation (Stye, Chalazion, Blepharitis) - Entropion - Ectropion - Lagophthalmos - Blepharochalasis - Ptosis - Blepharophimosis - Xanthelasma - Trichiasis lacrimal system: Dacryoadenitis - Epiphora - Dacryocystitis orbit: Exophthalmos - Enophthalmos

Conjunctiva	Conjunctivitis - Pterygium - Pinguecula - Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Sclera and cornea	Scleritis - Keratitis - Corneal ulcer - Snow blindness - Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy - Fuchs' dystrophy - Keratoconus - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca - Arc eye - Keratoconjunctivitis - Corneal neovascularization - Kayser-Fleischer ring - Arcus senilis - Band keratopathy

Iris and ciliary body	Iritis - Uveitis - Iridocyclitis - Hyphema - Persistent pupillary membrane - Iridodialysis - Synechia

Lens	Cataract - Aphakia - Ectopia lentis

Choroid and retina	Birdshot chorioretinopathy - Retinitis - Chorioretinitis - Choroideremia - Retinal detachment - Retinoschisis - Retinopathy (Bietti's crystalline dystrophy, Coats disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy, Retinopathy of prematurity) - Macular degeneration - Retinitis pigmentosa - Retinal haemorrhage - Central serous retinopathy - Macular edema - Epiretinal membrane - Macular pucker - Vitelliform macular dystrophy - Leber's congenital amaurosis

Optic nerve and visual pathways	Optic neuritis - Papilledema - Optic atrophy - Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy - Dominant optic atrophy - Optic disc drusen - Glaucoma - Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

Ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction	Paralytic strabismus: Ophthalmoparesis - Progressive external ophthalmoplegia - Palsy (III, IV, VI) - Kearns-Sayre syndrome Other strabismus: Esotropia/Exotropia - Hypertropia - Heterophoria (Esophoria, Exophoria) - Brown's syndrome - Duane syndrome Other binocular: Conjugate gaze palsy - Convergence insufficiency - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia - One and a half syndrome Refractive error: Hyperopia/Myopia - Astigmatism - Anisometropia/Aniseikonia - Presbyopia

Visual disturbances and blindness	Amblyopia - Leber's congenital amaurosis - Subjective (Asthenopia, Hemeralopia, Photophobia, Scintillating scotoma) - Diplopia - Scotoma - Anopsia (Binasal hemianopsia, Bitemporal hemianopsia, Homonymous hemianopsia, Quadrantanopia) - Color blindness (Achromatopsia) - Nyctalopia (Oguchi disease) - Blindness/Low vision

Pupil	Anisocoria - Argyll Robertson pupil - Marcus Gunn pupil/Marcus Gunn phenomenon - Adie syndrome

Infectious diseases	Trachoma - Onchocerciasis

Other	Nystagmus - Miosis - Mydriasis - Glaucoma - Ocular hypertension - Floater - Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy - Red eye - Keratomycosis - Xerophthalmia - Aniridia

See also congenital

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